The systematic method
- Analyse any text methodically through the language levels - this structure is what separates top answers from feature-spotting.
- Lexis and semantics (word choice and meaning), grammar and morphology (word/sentence structure), phonetics, phonology and prosodics (sound), pragmatics (implied/contextual meaning), graphology (visual/layout) and discourse (whole-text structure).
Reading for meaning
- Identify the text's genre, audience, purpose and mode (GAP + spoken/written/electronic); then explain how language choices at each level construct meaning and representation, and why given the context.
Method, not feature-spotting
- Always follow feature - example - effect - context: name the feature using correct terminology, quote it, explain the effect on the reader/meaning, and link to audience/purpose. Group observations into an argument.
Register and mode
- Register (formality/field/tenor); the mode continuum - spoken features (spontaneity, fillers, non-fluency) vs written (planned, permanent) and blended electronic communication.
Structure every analysis by language levels and always tie a feature to its effect and the context - that is the AQA route to the top band.
Diagram
Core idea
Key details
Worked example
Exam application
Definition
Evidence
Explanation
Conclusion